Conclusion  This study demonstrated that human macrophages are activated by human dermis-derived biologic and biodegradable meshes in vitro. A wide range of cytokine and growth factor induction was seen among the different mesh products. These differences in M/MØ activation may be related to the proprietary processing technologies of the studied meshes. The study results raise the possibility that these differences in M/MØ activation could indicate varying intensities of inflammation that control integration of different biologic meshes at the sites of hernia repair. Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00464-009-0664-3Authors Sean B. Orenstein, University of Connecticut Health Center Department of Surgery, Connecticut Comprehensive Center for Hernia Repair 263...